US and European Natural Gas Prices Rise as Storage Risks and Supply Disruptions Shape Outlook

Natural gas markets are facing contrasting regional dynamics, with US futures rising towards a three-week high ahead of the latest storage report, while European prices remain elevated amid concerns over winter inventories and disrupted liquefied natural gas (LNG) supplies.

US natural gas is trading around $3.25 per million British thermal units (MMBtu), supported by lower production and expectations that the storage surplus will narrow. However, forecasts for milder-than-normal weather and softer LNG export terminal demand are limiting gains. In Europe, prices near €87 per megawatt-hour reflect tighter supply conditions, geopolitical risks affecting Gulf shipments and the possibility of colder weather increasing heating demand.

The coming sessions are likely to be shaped by inventory data, weather forecasts, production levels and the availability of international LNG cargoes.

Market Snapshot

• US natural gas: Around $3.25/MMBtu, approaching a three-week high.
• US storage: Analysts expect the surplus over seasonal norms to narrow to 1.6%, from 2% previously.
• US production: Lower 48 output averages 110.8 billion cubic feet per day (bcfd) so far in October, below the August and September record of 113.3 bcfd.
• European natural gas: Around €87/MWh, the highest level since 2022.
• European storage: Approximately 74% full, below historical averages for this time of year.
• Key drivers: EIA storage data, weather forecasts, Gulf supply disruptions, Norwegian pipeline flows and LNG demand.

US Natural Gas: Storage Data and Lower Production Support Prices

US natural gas futures are approaching a three-week high as traders assess the latest balance between supply, demand and inventories. The EIA’s weekly storage report is a key near-term catalyst, with analysts expecting the surplus above seasonal norms to decline to 1.6% for the week ended October 9.

A narrowing surplus could indicate that the inventory balance is becoming less comfortable, potentially supporting prices. The market’s reaction will depend on the reported change in storage and how it compares with expectations.

Production is also providing some support. Lower 48 natural gas output has averaged 110.8 bcfd so far in October, below the record highs of 113.3 bcfd recorded in August and September. Hurricane-related shut-ins in the Gulf of Mexico, force majeure events and pipeline disruptions across several states have contributed to the decline.

If production remains below recent peaks, the market could become more sensitive to changes in demand and storage withdrawals as the heating season approaches.

However, supply conditions remain only part of the picture. Average feedgas deliveries to the nine major US LNG export terminals have eased to 17.5 bcfd so far this month, from 17.9 bcfd in September. Lower feedgas demand reduces one source of support for US prices, particularly if domestic consumption also remains subdued.

US Weather Outlook Limits the Upside

Forecasts for mostly milder-than-normal weather across the United States through October 29 are limiting the bullish case for natural gas. Temperatures that reduce the need for heating or air conditioning could constrain consumption and offset some of the support from lower production.

This creates a two-sided market. A smaller-than-expected storage surplus, continued production disruptions or a shift towards colder forecasts could encourage further gains. Conversely, mild weather combined with softer LNG feedgas demand could limit any sustained recovery.

The EIA report may determine the immediate direction, but weather developments are likely to remain central to the broader short-term outlook.

European Natural Gas: Winter Supply Risks Keep Prices Elevated

European natural gas prices remain near €87/MWh as the market assesses supply risks ahead of winter. Concerns over shipping disruptions through the Strait of Hormuz have intensified uncertainty around LNG flows from the Persian Gulf, a region accounting for around 20% of global LNG exports.

Reduced availability of Gulf cargoes can increase competition among importers for alternative supplies, potentially raising spot prices and complicating Europe’s efforts to replenish storage.

European storage facilities are approximately 74% full, below historical averages for this time of year. This leaves the market sensitive to further supply interruptions or a sustained increase in heating demand as winter approaches.

Updated weather forecasts pointing to a significant cold snap across northeastern Europe from next weekend add another potential source of upward pressure. If colder conditions materialise, heating demand could rise while storage inventories remain below typical seasonal levels.

Norwegian pipeline supply has recovered, providing some relief to the European market. However, the extent to which additional pipeline deliveries can offset constrained LNG availability remains an important consideration.

Bullish Scenario

Natural gas prices could extend their gains if the US storage report indicates a greater-than-expected tightening in the inventory balance and production remains below recent record levels.

In the United States, colder weather forecasts or a recovery in LNG feedgas deliveries could strengthen demand expectations and support futures.

In Europe, the bullish scenario would be reinforced if Gulf shipping disruptions persist, storage replenishment remains challenging or the forecast cold spell increases heating demand. Competition for alternative LNG cargoes could then intensify, keeping European prices elevated.

Bearish Scenario

The US market could come under pressure if the storage report shows a smaller-than-expected reduction in the surplus, particularly if mild weather continues to limit heating and cooling demand.

A recovery in production and further easing in LNG feedgas deliveries could add to downward pressure by increasing available domestic supply relative to consumption.

For Europe, a sustained recovery in Norwegian pipeline deliveries, reduced shipping disruption risks or a milder weather outlook could ease concerns about winter supply. If these developments improve the perceived inventory balance, some of the risk premium currently reflected in prices could diminish.

Nevertheless, the European market remains exposed to uncertainty around LNG availability and winter demand.

Natural Gas Price Forecast

The near-term outlook is cautiously bullish for European natural gas because of below-average storage levels, geopolitical supply risks and the potential for colder weather. The strength and duration of any price advance will depend on whether LNG disruptions persist and whether alternative supplies can meet demand.

The US outlook is more balanced. Lower production and the prospect of a narrowing storage surplus support prices, but mild weather and reduced LNG feedgas deliveries limit the upside. The EIA report is likely to provide the immediate catalyst, while subsequent weather updates will help determine whether gains can be sustained.

The divergence between the two markets highlights the importance of regional supply structures. US prices are being influenced heavily by domestic production, storage and weather, while European prices are more directly exposed to international LNG competition and the security of winter supply.

Market Outlook: What to Watch Next

• EIA storage report: Compare the actual inventory change with expectations and assess whether the surplus over seasonal norms narrows as anticipated.
• US production: Watch for a recovery towards recent record levels or continued disruption-related weakness.
• US weather forecasts: Any shift towards colder conditions could increase heating demand, while persistent mild weather may cap consumption.
• LNG feedgas deliveries: A rebound from the current 17.5 bcfd average could strengthen US demand.
• European storage levels: With inventories around 74% full, the pace of replenishment remains important ahead of winter.
• Strait of Hormuz shipping: Changes in shipping conditions could influence the availability and cost of LNG cargoes.
• Norwegian pipeline supply: Continued recovery could ease some of Europe’s supply constraints.
• Northeastern European temperatures: Confirmation or moderation of the forecast cold snap could influence heating demand and short-term price direction.

Currency Hedger View

Natural gas markets are entering a period in which weather, inventories and supply security are likely to have an outsized influence on price direction. US futures have some support from lower production and the prospect of a narrowing storage surplus, but mild weather and softer LNG demand create a significant counterweight.

Europe faces a different risk profile, with below-average storage, competition for LNG and potential cold-weather demand keeping prices elevated. Businesses exposed to energy costs, international commodity transactions or foreign-currency payments should monitor both energy prices and exchange-rate movements, as changes in either can affect procurement budgets and cash-flow planning.

The key near-term signals are the US storage report, subsequent weather forecasts and developments affecting European LNG availability.

Currency Hedger monitors foreign exchange markets alongside broader commodity and macroeconomic conditions, helping businesses assess and manage their international currency exposure.

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Analysis: Louis Roche, Today Markets

Disclaimer: This article is for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute investment, financial or trading advice. Natural gas markets are volatile and subject to weather, geopolitical, supply and demand risks. Forecasts and scenarios are conditional and may change as new information becomes available.

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